بررسی کارایی بانکداری بدون ربا در استان¬های ایران از سال 1391 تا 1399
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصادی
قاسم رضایی
1
,
حمید آسایش
2
*
,
رضا معبودی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد ، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد الیگودرز ، الیگودرز ، ایران
2 - دانشیار ، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت الله بروجردی،بروجرد ،ایران.
3 - عضو هیات علمی گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آیت اله العظمی بروجردی.
کلید واژه: کارایی, تحلیل مرزی تصادفی, بانکداری بدون ربا.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی روند کارایی استانی سیستم بانکی بدون ربا و تحلیل عوامل موثر بر آن است. برای بررسی کارایی بانک¬ها و سیستم بانکداری در استان¬ها از دو دسته متغیر شرایط اقتصادی و متغیرهای کلان(تولید ناخالص داخلی استانی و نرخ تورم استانی) و متغیرهای مربوط به عملکرد بانک¬ها (سپرده¬های بانکی، مطالبات غیرجاری در استان، تعداد شعب در استان، تعداد کارکنان بانکی) در سطح استان¬های کشور طی سال های 1391 الی 1399 استفاده شد. همچنین، برای تجزیه و تحلیل روابط بین متغیرها از روش تحلیل مرزی تصادفی و مدل بیتس کویلی بهره گرفته شد. یافته¬ها نشان دادند میزان کارایی بان¬ها در طی دوره مورد مطالعه به تدریج و به میزان اندکی، کاهش یافته است. در بین متغیرهای بررسی شده، رشد اقتصادی بر میزان کارایی بانک¬ها اثر مثبت دارد؛ بنابراین افزایش درآمد در هر استان میزان تقاضا برای تسهیلات و همچنین منابع لازم برای سپرده¬گذاری در بانک¬هارا فراهم می¬آورد. همچنین، افزایش میزان تسهیلات غیرجاری موجب کاهش کارایی بانک¬ها در سطح استان¬ها می¬شود. با توجه نتایج پژوهش، دولت از طریق ابزارهایی مانند معافیت¬های مالیاتی، از طریق حمایت از صنایع، افزایش درآمد سرانه و بالتبع افزایش منابع بانک¬ها و کاهش مطالبات غیرجاری آن ها را فراهم نماید.
The objective of the present study is to examine the provincial efficiency trends of the interest-free banking system and analyze the factors influencing it. To evaluate the efficiency of banks and the banking system across provinces, two categories of variables were used: economic conditions and macroeconomic variables (provincial gross domestic product and provincial inflation rate) and bank performance variables (bank deposits, non-performing loans in the province, number of branches in the province, number of bank employees) at the provincial level across the country during the years 2012 to 2020. Additionally, stochastic frontier analysis and the Battese-Coelli model were employed to analyze the relationships between the variables. The findings revealed that the efficiency of banks gradually and slightly declined during the study period. Among the examined variables, economic growth had a positive effect on bank efficiency; thus, an increase in income in each province enhances the demand for loans and provides the necessary resources for deposits in banks. Moreover, an increase in non-performing loans reduces the efficiency of banks at the provincial level. Based on the study's results, the government can support banks through policy instruments such as tax exemptions, supporting industries, increasing per capita income, and consequently boosting bank resources while reducing non-performing loans.
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